Boiler Shutdown and Washout Procedure Proper shutdown, cool-down, and washout of a boiler prior to inspection or removal from service is very important. Boiler water dissolved solids, sludge, and mud must be gradually diluted and removed as the boiler cools;...

Why Does a Closed System Need a Filter?

How to improve system performance and save money at the same time. Closed systems circulate the same body of water and are not subject to blowdown and makeup in the way that steam boilers and cooling towers are. The most common closed systems are used for: Hot water...

Boiler Water Tests

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THEIR MEANING AND PURPOSE Expression of Test Results – PPM (parts per million) In water treatment, results are most commonly expressed in parts per million (ppm). Other terms commonly encountered are milligrams per liter (mg/l) and grains...

Cooling Tower Water Use

Ever wonder how increasing or decreasing the “cycles of concentration” will affect water usage in your cooling system? The following table will help to estimate the water consumed by the evaporative cooling process, windage loss, and controlled system water bleed-off....

Controlling Legionella in Cooling Towers

Controlling Legionella in Cooling Towers ( The following contains excerpts from the ASHRAE IAQ Applications, Spring 2000 ) It’s a fact! Cooling towers regularly contain Legionella bacteria. Growth of Legionella can occur at temperatures between 68 F and 122 F, though...